The accuracy of the steel structure plant fabrication size is the basic and prerequisite condition to ensure the overall structure size is accurate and the steel structure plant installation is smooth, therefore, it is necessary to accurately grasp such as the straightness and twist of the steel column, the distance from the connection hole of the column and beam to the column base plate, the processing accuracy of the connection hole itself, the straightness of the roof beam and the processing accuracy of the column beam connection plate, the position size of the tie bar or support connection plate on the beam-column relative to the beam-column itself, the position size of the purlin pallet, etc.
At present, the columns in the steel structure plant are processed by outsourced H steel or assembled from plates. If the columns are processed from readily available H steel, the accuracy of the columns is easy to control; if they are assembled from plates, attention should be paid to the shaping of the steel columns after assembly and welding to ensure the straightness of the columns and to prevent distortion. Most of the roof beams are herringbone structures, often assembled from 2 or 4 bays.
Roof beams are generally assembled by the fabricator with plates, and the webs of the beams are often irregularly quadrilateral, so that manufacturers with strong technical ability can accurately grasp the webs' placement, while manufacturers with weak technical ability have deviations in the webs' placement size from time to time. As the size of the roof beam is related to the tightness of the connection between the beam and the column, the size of the web directly affects the size of the beam and is therefore particularly important.
In the design of a general steel structure plant, there is often a certain arch requirement for the roof beam, the purpose of which is to offset the overall installation, the deflection of the beam due to its own role and the role of the roof load, so as to achieve the installation size. The height of the arch is determined by the design.
In order to ensure the arching degree, the shape size of the roof beam has to be adjusted, from this aspect, the difficulty of making the beam is much greater than that of making the column. During our on-site inspection, we make the shape size of the beam and the connection plate at the end of the beam as the key items to ensure the overall effect of the installation and the tightness between the beam and the column.
We once found that there was a wedge-shaped gap between the beam and column after installation, and the large hexagonal head bolt had lost its main role as originally designed, and only assumed the supporting role, and there was no friction between the beam and column.
In order to eliminate this hidden problem, we later added shear keys on the lower side of each column immediately below the beam connection plate to improve the support capacity of the roofing system, which proved to be very effective. In actual construction, due to a variety of factors make the beams and columns often can not be closely combined with each other, some seem to be combined, but in fact can not meet the requirements, resulting in the friction between the joint surface is relatively weak.
In view of this, we hope that when model designing the steel structure plant factory, it is recommended to increase the shear key on the column panel immediately below the lower edge of the beam connection plate to ensure the support ability of the column to the roof. Although the shear key is small, but the role is very big.
In order to avoid and reduce the deformation of columns, beams, ties and other connections in the transport process, the transport company should be required to tie the components, which must be in the full length of the range of more support points, between the components as far as possible with wood padding, the periphery of the tie to firmly, in order to minimize the deformation of the components in the transport process due to vibration or heavy pressure; in loading and unloading with two points, such as the components are long, can be used flat and appropriate Increase the lifting point; when the components are stacked at the installation site, the number of layers should be reduced as much as possible, generally not more than 3 layers, and the supporting points should be increased appropriately to prevent the components from being deformed by pressure. Never relax the control of transportation, lifting, stacking and other links, otherwise, even if the steel structure plant components are made accurately, there will be problems due to transportation and other links, resulting in big trouble in the installation of the steel structure plant.
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Daniel